The creation of the calendar which encompasses "Time" is in close proximity to the idea of "Transcendence," and reveals to us the objective of a Jew in this world. To imbue the world with the holy forces of G-dliness. To elevate the mundane elements of physicality to the highest realms of spirituality.
Each month of the Jewish calendar represents a unique manifestation of G-dliness. This is revealed throughout each month on several levels. The Sefer Yetzirah, The Book of Formation attributed to Avraham Avinu (our father Abraham), discusses the unique qualities of each month. Every month possesses a specific mission assigned by Hashem at the beginning of time.